Iron Lab Report Essay Example

Iron Lab Report Essay Procedure: Fill a small test tube halfway with copper (II) sulfate solution. Add a 2. 0 gram iron rod to the solution and observe the reaction. Observations: When I put the Iron (Ill) and cooper (II) in the test tube I notice that the color change to a darker gray at the beginning. Regarding to the sulfate solution I also notice that its color change in to a clear blue. When they are mixt together the blue solution vanished slowly while its color change in toa reddish brown in the test tube. 2. Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions pour about 2. L of lead (II) nitrate into the test tube. Add 5 to 10 drops of potassium iodide solution to the test tube and record your observations of the reaction. Observations: the two solutions the lead (II) nitrate and potassium are transparent. But, when the two solutions are combine its color change to a yellow color. While the top of the test tube is like a light yellow but on the bottom of the test tube the yellow is darker. 3. Magnesi um metal and hydrochloric acid solution Place one scoop of magnesium turnings into the test tube. Add hydrochloric acid lowly and observe the reaction. Next, place a burning splint near the mouth of the test tube to test for the presence of hydrogen gas. Observations when its put the magnesium metal and the hydrochloric acid solution it look like many bubbles Observacion: cuando se pone el metal de magnesio ala solucion de acido clorhidrico se ve como muchas burbuJas en la surpeficie del tubo de ensayo como si fuera humo. Observation: when you put the metal wing magnesium hydrochloric acid solution looks like surpeficie many bubbles in the test tube as if it were smoke. 4. Electrolysis of water Use a U-tube with electrodes at each end, connected to a battery. We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fill the U-tube with water. Turning on the battery, observe the results at each electrode. Next, test for hydrogen and oxygen gas produced at each end of the tube. 5. Burning magnesium Place magnesium ribbon in a clean crucible (on a clay triangle above a Bunsen burner). Heat until the magnesium begins to burn. Complete a data table that includes a prediction of reaction type (single replacement, double replacement, synthesis, decomposition, or combustion), observations, and dentification of reaction type for each reaction in the lab. Reactants Prediction of Reaction Type Observations Reaction Type Conclusion: 1 . Write a balanced equation for each reaction observed in this lab. 2. If you were to measure the mass of magnesium and hydrochloric acid before combining them in the test tube, how would that mass compare to the mass of reactants left in the test tube after the reaction? Explain your answer and how it corresponds to the law of conservation of mass. types of reactions. Which reaction is this, and what are the two types of reactions?

My Personal Essay †Creative Writing Class Short Story

My Personal Essay – Creative Writing Class Short Story Free Online Research Papers My Personal Essay Creative Writing Class Short Story Night over the city, silence and darkness came out of their forbidden ground. Children are sleeping, adult are lying on their own pluck. All of them escaping from the gloom and blue, but there was still some exception. Yellow helmets checked. Touches checked. Group of tiny manikins were standing by a huge iron gate, pushing and pulling other in order to enter the mansion which was hidden at the back of the forest up on the top of the hill. Finally, Arrival committed. The main door of the castle, winds of early winter puffed, little hands touched the chilled handle. Door opened, dust and cobweb wafted everywhere. Nothing was left behind, but a long haul of screech†¦ â€Å"Then, what happened next?† I sat in my own chair, watching my own elder brother who was lying on my bed vapidly. My attitude was such emotionless that frosted him to sit up and kept the same horizontal eye sight with me. â€Å"You really don’t are about this, right?† I raised my eye braw. â€Å"I do care about it, that’s what you want me to say so, Ted?† My brother rose with excitement. Then, he went straight to my door â€Å"If you do care about it,† and held on the handle. â€Å"As you have said that, then let’s take care of them today.† He opened the door, my cousins lunged into my dormitory. I give my brother an astonished look, and what I received, was a bright guiltless smile. Whenever I found this kind of smile on him face, I knew he was up to something. Who tell me to have such immoral brother? A well-known hacker, Phantom, whose original face was my dearest elder brother. The two kids saw me. They immediately run to my front. â€Å"Long time no see. How are you?† â€Å"Stop using such tone of speaking, can you?† I knock their head with a smooth punch. â€Å"Even adult will not talk like this.† They give me with a warm smile as response. As I have relaxed down myself, they took out their hand suddenly. â€Å"Trick or treats!† I was shocked. They looked at me as if they yearned to something. My brother also, looked at me with interest. I felt some warmth came up to my neck and until my cheek. I scratched my ear, pretended to be calm enough to continue my speaking. â€Å"I don’t think take of them really related to the incident happened in the mansion on the hill.† I confused. â€Å"They all happen because today is Halloween.† He convinced. â€Å"You’re liar.† Turn my head, held my cousins little hands, and walked out the room. My brother tried to shout down my superciliousness. â€Å"Why can’t you trust me once?† I turned my head back, and gave him a smile. â€Å"Okay, I trust you.† Children were running on the street, neighbors burst out with laugher, and what I was doing, was to take care this two kids. My neighbor, Mrs. Doga, patted their head and gave them tons of candies and chocolate which filled up their wizard hat. Mrs. Doga also handed me some, so, I let out my hand and received the gift. At that moment, I felt some strange thing pulled my skirt. I looked down, and my brother also looked down to see what happened to me. It was a girl. A girl who held her hand out to ask for candies with a pure smile standing by my side. I leaded her to the front of Mrs. Doga. Mrs. Doga’s turned white immediately, and shut her door. My brother and cousins pointed the girl their trembling fingers, and muttered. â€Å"She†¦she is not a human.† I looked at them, and then looked at the girl, finally, I looked back my relatives. â€Å"Oh, she is a ghost.† Ted flapped my head. â€Å"How can you be such emotionless? That is a ghost, a GHOST!† I kneed down and examined the girl, she gave me a huge bright smile. â€Å"But she is cute.† after my conversation with Ted, the little girl gave me bear hug and held me tightly. I smile slightly and looked back to Ted, said. â€Å"Right?† The little girl raised her head, and stared at me. â€Å"I think you can help me.† What? We were in the front of the huge Iron Gate. Just like what Ted told me, wind blew and crow flew. The little girl’s face shone with happiness, my face was full of troublesome. What we were going to do, were to go deep inside the mansion and got the photographs of the little girl so that she can leave that haunted house. The cold handle cleared my mind, I have made up my mind, so I needed to finish this mission perfectly. The things that came to my sight first were countless cob webs and dust. I stepped inside the castle, the little child was in my front and my brother was at my back. The two kinds were still outside the door shaking in the freezing air outside. â€Å"Which photo you want me to take actually?† I asked the girl and she point straight in front of us, â€Å"that one.† We all looked at the painting. A huge 1.6m times 1m painting was in front of me. â€Å"I want to ask, how can we carry that out here?† the little girl smiled. â€Å"I don’t know.† At this moment, we both can only face the reality. Few days later, when mum came inside my room. â€Å"What’s that?† she shouted. Ted answered her while he was lying on my bed again. â€Å"Just a normal painting of a little girl.† When mum was still trapped in her astonishment, the little girls appeared in front of my mum. I stood up and said to my mum. â€Å"Mum, she is going to live with us together for the rest of our life, I think.† and what we left, was a long haul of screech again. Then, we lived happily ever after, I think. Research Papers on My Personal Essay - Creative Writing Class Short StoryThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

A study into paraphilias and its effects

A study into paraphilias and its effects Statistics report, At least 1 woman in 7 will be raped in her lifetime. Because only 1 rape in 5 is reported, the true figure is much higher (CDC, 2007; FVPF,2007). Many would consider these women a victim, but could the perpetrator also be suffering from something we as observers have not yet considered, something far worse? Perhaps the mark of true sexual deviations, the compulsive and destructive paraphilias, a sickness at which causes it’s victims guilt, anxiety, or discomfort for one or other participants (Coon, D Mitterer, J, 2009, Chapter 12, â€Å"Introduction to Psychology: Gateway to Mind and Behavior†). Most feel a deep sense of inadequacy, which produces a compulsive need to provide their genitals to the unwilling viewer. Others may fantasize that their target may become aroused by the display. In regard if confronted by an exhibitionist one can assume their goal is to shock and alarm victim, to become upset would only encourage them (Hyde & Delamater, 200 6). Although the scene maybe quite alarming, studies show the exhibitionist is basically harmless. I believe they simply wish to entertain someone, if not themselves, typical thrill seekers. Have you ever heard of the phrase, â€Å"Shoe fetish?† Well now, don’t be alarmed this doesn’t mean you have a sickness, Fetishism are unusually objects or body parts associated with in sexual arousal (http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-Fi/Fetishism.html). Fetishes can pertain to anyone, whether male or female, even you may have a strange fetish. Most common examples being clothing, stuffed animals, breast, legs, bottoms, genitals, and even pets. I once met a man who had a strange thing for women in high heels, the high heels were his fetish. The non sexual object which got him aroused. How about Victoria’s Secret Models, dazzled with in expensive lingerie? This item of clothing is a non sexual object used to spark the scenes of the viewer to want and desire the clothin g. They convince the viewers that having this will make you or your partner become more desirable. We have all heard the saying â€Å"Sex sells,† well it’s true. Does this mean we have a sickness, no. What are symptoms of Fetishism? If you find yourself spending so much time thinking about the fetish that you can not control compulsive urges and or cases become unhealthy, inflicting humiliation or suffering to oneself or partner, it’s best to seek therapy for such extreme. The key is to control the fetish, don’t allow the fetish to control you.

International Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Ethics - Essay Example military found themselves in a similar position, and Somalia became, quite explicitly, a guinea pig for 'humanitarian intervention' in the 'new world order.' Even though the military-humanitarian intervention failed, the precedents in international practice that it set still stand, and there are many who now seek to return to the ideas of a more aggressive international policing role for the United Nations." Here it is the case of not only unequal distribution of wealth but also the lack of necessities that initiated the disturbance and finally conspiracy theory made a situation that is ripe for international intervention putting the face of 'relevance in democracy and self determination'. The self determination is a mockery in this intervention as the intervention was a result of lack of unity and intactness in the society. When these are absent one cannot think of irrelevance of democracy and self-determination as these two are the inherent qualities of a democratic and self-determined state. The NATO air strikes against Yugoslavia beginning on March 24, 1999 did not occur in a vacuum but rather followed ten years of regional conflict and aggression inspired and orchestrated by Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic. Until 1991, Yugoslavia was one nation comprised of six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. Serbia was further divided into two autonomous regions; Kosovo and Vojvodina. Each republic and both autonomous provinces in Serbia had a seat on the federal presidency and had a considerable amount of autonomy in local affairs. With one notable exception--Bosnia--each of the republics roughly represents a distinct ethnic group. This situation itself presents a picture of fractured society where the relevance of democracy and self-determination cannot be discussed. Slobodan Milosevic came to power in 1987 with the rise of Serbian nationalism following the fall of the Berlin Wall and Soviet communism. He became a hero overnight in Serbia when in 1987 he went to Kosovo to qualm the fears of local Serbs amid a strike by Kosovo Albanian miners that were paralyzing the province. In a famous speech televised throughout Serbia, by telling the angry crowd of waiting Serbs that they will not be beaten again in response of the situation in which few Serbs were beaten in Kosovo. This speech engineered the splits in the society and shattered the norms of the democratic state. Instead of re-coursing to discussion which is the essence of the democracy the tactics of Milosevic made the people of his own country fight with each other and resulted in a battle that led to the attempts of ethnical cleansing. Here the conspiracy theory works as the dominating attitude prevails in the people dividing them ethnically and an intention to make other ethnic groups as s ubjects to them or eliminate them. This when assisted by the government support to one of the cabal (Serbians) resulted in civil war. The structure and essence of democracy itself was made a scapegoat in the quest for supremacy over the others. The theory of the leaders like Milosevic worked due to the mal-intentions of the people of his type. When people believe in the words of the leaders that try to divide the nation the intention of being intact as a nation was being absent and that affects international policy of the nation and on the nation. This makes a Country to disintegrate, which was the inherent intention

U.S .Virgin Islands Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S .Virgin Islands - Research Paper Example The United States Virgin Islands are a group of islands situated in the Caribbean and are part of the United States. The main islands of the U.S Virgin Islands are the Saint Croix, Saint John and Saint Thomas. Additionally, there is also a historically Water Island, though it is much smaller, surrounded by many other minor islands. According to the 2000 Census, the population was about 108,612, which mostly consisted of individuals of Afro-Caribbean descent. The primary economic activity is tourism, even though the manufacturing sector is also huge.Originally, the U.S Virgin Islands were occupied by Ciboney, Carib and Arawaks. The islands were given their respective names by Christopher Columbus together with her virgin followers on their second trip to Saint Ursula in 1493. Many years thereafter, the islands were controlled by several European countries such as Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France as well as Denmark-Norway. In 1672, the Danish West India Company occupied S aint Thomas. The following year, it occupied Saint John, ultimately purchasing Saint Croix in 1733 from France. It is imperative to note that the U.S. Virgin Islands were formerly referred to as Danish West Indies. However, in 1916, Denmark sold the Islands to the United States under the Danish West Indies Treaty. Consequently, on March 31, 1917, the Virgin Islands were formerly possessed by the United States and were thereafter renamed the United States Virgin Islands. All the inhabitants of the Islands are given the U.S Citizenship. Types of Businesses or Industries The economy of the islands strongly depends on the U.S mainland. The primary economic activity is Tourism hosting about 2 million visitors. Furthermore, the sale of duty-free products to visitors from the U.S mainland also substitutes the earnings from the Tourism sector. However, there also exist a significant number of manufacturing companies in the islands, such as the petroleum refining industry, textiles, rum distilling, electronics, pharmaceuticals as well as watch assembly. St Croix has the largest petroleum refineries in the world. Additionally, rum is a major product, and earns money from the refunds of U.S excise duty at the rate of about U.S$ 40m per year (West p.753). International businesses and financial services are on the verge of growing in the Islands. Government Type The United States Virgin Islands are under the territory of the United States. Although the population of the United States Virgin Islands is citizens of the U.S., the y cannot take part in the presidential elections. However, they are allowed to take part in the presidential primary elections for the delegates to both the Democratic National Convention and the Republican National Convention. The law that disallows the United States Virgin Islands residents has received outcries from the elites, who claim that they are denied two of the most powerful rights that citizens of a democratic country ought to have; these are the ability to vote and choose their legislators (Todd). Nationally, the U.S Virgin Islands vote and elect a delegate to congress. However, the elected delegate cannot take part in floor votes but can vote in the committee. Virgin Islands People People from the Virgin Islands are known as Virgin Islanders, while those residing at respective islands are called St. Thomain, St. Johnian and St. Crucian as well as Water Islanders. During the early 1600s and mid 1800, the U.S Virgin Island population was majorly drawn from the European a nd African descent. White settlers, mainly from Holland, England, Denmark, Ireland and France, came to operate plantations, run shops and ware houses. African slaves outnumbered the European whites. These were slaves brought to work in the sugar plantations by the Caribbean. English is the official language in the U. S. Virgin Islands. However, a language known as Virgin

The Body Farm Essay Example for Free

The Body Farm Essay Scarpetta’s actions show that she is in good mental and physical shape. For example, every â€Å"morning [she] woke up† and she â€Å"went out for a run in the brisk, moist air† (159). In this quote the author tells the reader that Kay Scarpetta runs on a daily basis. This means that along with being physically fit, she is able to allow her mind to push herself every morning to get up and go running. In addition, Kay Scarpetta was wondering â€Å"if there might be some other explanation for why she chosen this route† (113). In this quote the reader can conclude the Dr. Scarpetta is logically trying to find a reason for why she chose the route that she did. Additionally, the author describes Kay and how there is a â€Å"fierce battle being fought in [her] mind† (168). As a result, Kay’s mind is becoming stronger. Good mental and physical shape is portrayed by Kay Scarpetta’s actions. By examining Dr. Kay Scarpetta’s appearance the reader can see that she is a wealthy person. For instance, the â€Å"black flight suit† was recognizable to Kay Scarpetta (52). In this quote Kay Scarpetta was able to recognize this specific flight suit since she is able to afford to fly on airplanes a lot. For example, Kay â€Å"still wasn’t certain why [she] had bought [her] charcoal Mercedes 500E† (169). In this quote the author is stating that Kay doesn’t know why she really did buy the car. This shows that she is wealthy because if she wasn’t then why would she randomly buy a new car for a reason that was unknown. Additionally, Kay would wear a â€Å"boldly colorful warm-up suit [she] wore on the occasions when [she] played tennis† (170). This means that she has enough money to buy a warm-up suit for only whenever she plays tennis. Dr. Scarpetta could be thought as a wealthy person by examining her appearance. Kay Scarpetta’s speech shows that she is well educated. To illustrate that she is educated Dr. Kay Scarpetta said that if â€Å"you make those casts, and you’re going to find the impression on the shoulder’s going to match the impression back there on the road† (261). This quote informs the reader that Kay Scarpetta is a well educated woman in this field. The reader can conclude that Kay had special training of some sort to be able to know about how to make and find impressions. In addition, Dr. Scarpetta found out that the â€Å"Bureau knows that I couldn’t have been Lucy’s thumb scanned into the biometric lock system† (373). In this quote the author mentions the biometric lock system. That lock system must be familiar to Dr. Scarpetta since she knew about it and could tell that it was not Lucy’s thumb print. For example, Kay Scarpetta is giving the autopsy Emily and she notices â€Å"the visceral pleura shows scattered petechiae along the interlobar fissures† (99). This means that Kay went to medical school because she knows these terms that only a medical examiner would know. By examining Dr. Scarpetta’s speech it informs the reader that she is well educated. Dr. Kay Scarpetta has several different personalities. For instance, Dr. Scarpetta â€Å"began to dread working late at night† (2). This quote is describing how she is not working as hard as she used to. In addition, Kay Scarpetta â€Å"could not stop wondering what more [she] could have done† (4). This means that Kay Scarpetta was working really hard to try and figure something out. This is another side of her personality. Additionally, Dr. Kay Scarpetta â€Å"got [her] revolver out of the briefcase† (327). In this quote she is taking out a revolver and is thinking about using it, but previously she mentioned that she does not like to use guns. Ms. Scarpetta has multiple personalities.

Malachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend. :: English Literature

Malachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend. Why does the reader feel sympathy for him instead of anger? In 'The Sirens of Titan' there are many places where the reader would feel anger towards Malachi Constant/Unk if it is read out of context. However there are also many occasions where the reader feels sympathy and forgives Malachi/Unk. This is helped by Winston Niles Rumfoord who knows everything and Winston's wife, Beatrice, who is another main character. Malachi Constant was born rich and had everything he wanted but the reader finds out after few chapters that he had not had a happy family life. His mother was a whore and he only ever met his father once in his life. "You said you had a very unhappy childhood and made everyone listen to how unhappy it was." In this quote the language is simple and repetitive. This is perhaps to show the annoyance this character has for Constant. It also makes the reader feel less sympathetic here though because he was moaning and complaining which is not a good attribute in people. This might be so that later on the reader can see how they judged him unfairly so that when there is less proof of something bad happening to him they are more easily forgiving of him. This brings out the readers sympathy because the reader realises this is what leads to his financial ruin and bankruptcy because he gets drunk and depressed and gives away all his oil wells. However if we had not read this part then the reader would feel angry at wasting what he had. "Every courageous thing he [Constant] had done had been motivated by spitefulness and goads from childhood" In this quote there are lots of strong negatives that suggest a very powerful outside force. All the words here are emotive and indicate another source had dominance over Constant's life. We, the readers, are told he tries to hard to be sophisticated and fashionable and this makes the reader sympathetic because the reader pities him and relates to him for trying so hard to 'fit in' with others. "Everything Rumfoord did he did with style, making all mankind look good. Everything Constant did he did in style - aggressively, loudly, childishly, wastefully" This is a direct comparison with Rumfoord and shows how young, eager and naÃÆ'Â ¯ve Constant is in contrast to Rumfoord who is much older and knows everything. The adverbs are all negative showing how Rumfoord is a good person but Constant takes everything for granted. The story follows Constant and then Unk throughout the book giving only important facts such as what they look like and character points Malachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend. :: English Literature Malachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend. Why does the reader feel sympathy for him instead of anger? In 'The Sirens of Titan' there are many places where the reader would feel anger towards Malachi Constant/Unk if it is read out of context. However there are also many occasions where the reader feels sympathy and forgives Malachi/Unk. This is helped by Winston Niles Rumfoord who knows everything and Winston's wife, Beatrice, who is another main character. Malachi Constant was born rich and had everything he wanted but the reader finds out after few chapters that he had not had a happy family life. His mother was a whore and he only ever met his father once in his life. "You said you had a very unhappy childhood and made everyone listen to how unhappy it was." In this quote the language is simple and repetitive. This is perhaps to show the annoyance this character has for Constant. It also makes the reader feel less sympathetic here though because he was moaning and complaining which is not a good attribute in people. This might be so that later on the reader can see how they judged him unfairly so that when there is less proof of something bad happening to him they are more easily forgiving of him. This brings out the readers sympathy because the reader realises this is what leads to his financial ruin and bankruptcy because he gets drunk and depressed and gives away all his oil wells. However if we had not read this part then the reader would feel angry at wasting what he had. "Every courageous thing he [Constant] had done had been motivated by spitefulness and goads from childhood" In this quote there are lots of strong negatives that suggest a very powerful outside force. All the words here are emotive and indicate another source had dominance over Constant's life. We, the readers, are told he tries to hard to be sophisticated and fashionable and this makes the reader sympathetic because the reader pities him and relates to him for trying so hard to 'fit in' with others. "Everything Rumfoord did he did with style, making all mankind look good. Everything Constant did he did in style - aggressively, loudly, childishly, wastefully" This is a direct comparison with Rumfoord and shows how young, eager and naÃÆ'Â ¯ve Constant is in contrast to Rumfoord who is much older and knows everything. The adverbs are all negative showing how Rumfoord is a good person but Constant takes everything for granted. The story follows Constant and then Unk throughout the book giving only important facts such as what they look like and character points

Blinding Revenge-Hamlet

Michael Kuritnik 3/6/13 G-Block Blinding Revenge Fundamental themes are preserved throughout history because they relate to everyday aspects of life. Surprisingly, very little has changed since Shakespearean times. Although technology has changed the way in which humans communicate, people still react to emotional stimuli similarly to those of the middle ages. Anger has always triggered annoyance, uproar and violence. Like several characters in Hamlet, today’s society experiences a thirst for revenge because of something unsettling that ultimately stirred up anger.Individuals who strive for vengeance become overwhelmed with indignation. In some cases idiosyncratic deception and false imagery are used in order to attain what one seeks. Throughout Hamlet, Shakespeare emphasizes that revenge leads to chaos and ultimately inevitable debilitating consequences Revenge has the overwhelming ability to deteriorate a man into a monster. It influences Hamlet to make reckless decisions th at ruin him and eventually lead to his downfall. Hamlet is driven to insanity by his own desire to kill Claudius. Hamlet becomes so obsessed with revenge that it quickly consumes him.He exclaims in one of his soliloquy, â€Å"Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause And can say nothing- no, not for a king Upon whose property and most dear life A damned defeat was made† (II. ii. 595-598), feeling guilty and remorseful for not yet acting on his impulse for revenge. At this point, calling himself a coward for not having taken revenge, Hamlet clearly demonstrates his madness for vengeance. Moments later, blinded by revenge, Hamlet stabs Polonius on the impulsive whim that it may be Claudius spying on him. He feels no guilt for his reckless action, suggesting that he acted out of madness and had little thought through the affair.Consumed by revenge, Hamlet has deteriorated into a murderer. Immediately after Hamlet murders Polonius, Claudius becomes blinded by his own desire for revenge. In his rage, Claudius sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with Hamlet to England, where Hamlet fools the English into killing them instead of him. After sending them off, Claudius states, â€Å"I like him not, nor stands it safe with us to let his madness range,† understanding that the best method of containing Hamlet’s revenge is to keep Hamlet close; however Claudius’ anger leads him to send Hamlet to his unhonorable death (III. ii,L1-2). By attempting to avenge Polonius, Claudius ultimately sets up his own demise, as well as Rosencrantz’s and Guildenstern’s. If not for Claudius’ rash decision to send Hamlet away, Hamlet would have never been able to contact Norway and send the spies to their deaths by sabotaging the letter. Laertes’ vengeful decisions lead to detrimental consequences and the deaths of virtuous lives. Enraged by his father’s death, Laertes decides to make an attempt on Hamlet’s life. Playing co ol and pretending to wish for a duel in fun, Laertes tries to gain his revenge.As a result of his recklessness, the entire court of Denmark is killed. Lying motionlessly on the cold marble floor, Laertes whispers to himself, â€Å"The foul practice Hath turned itself on me. Lo, here I lie, Never to rise again,†his lungs gasping for one last breath of air (V. ii. 348-350). Only on his deathbed does Laertes realize the irony and the mistake he made by seeking revenge. This is because Laertes’ obsession with vengeance for his father’s death tempted him to plot for murder with the devious Claudius.Treachery and vengeance, which blinded Laertes, actually lead to his downfall and make him feel at blame for the deaths of innocent people. Not surprisingly, the modern world is full of regretful acts of vengeance. Imperialist Japan shocked the world by bombing the United States at Pearl Harbor in December of 1941. As a result, the United States launched a huge pacific off ensive while also sending troops and resources into a large Europe campaign to assist against the Nazis. Similarly, Claudius’ killing of Hamlet’s father triggered Hamlet to seek revenge at all costs.After essentially winning the war, the United States turned their eyes back to the Japanese who had so mercilessly brought them into the fight. Within a week of the dropping of the first atomic bomb, Japanese opposition crumbled. This historical win marked a huge accomplishment, but the US would soon come to regret their decision. By dropping the atomic bomb on Japan, the US gave away critical information as to the extent of their power. Major allies and enemies began constructing their own nuclear weapons, launching the world into the Cold War era.In addition, the atomic bomb obliterated Japanese morale and culture, reducing the island country back to the bottom of the food chain. It would take many years before Japan could return to its former prominence. Today in US hist ory classes students discuss the ethics behind the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan because of the death, despair, and world chaos that came as a result of payback for a small bombing at Pearl Harbor. In their pursuit for revenge, both America and Hamlet went too far, which resulted in mass killings and the destruction of powerful nations.Shakespeare’s message has proven to reiterate itself through the years. As shown when the otherwise noble Hamlet is driven to blindly kill Polonius, when Claudius dooms his servants unintentionally, and when Laertes’ actions result in the death of the Court of Denmark. Shakespeare makes it clear that revenge’s consequences are drastic. As in the bombing of Japan, this statement is tried and tested every day in the real world, albeit on a much smaller scale. Everywhere revenge is sought after, the aftermath is worse than the beginning.

Substance Abuse Global Phenomena Health And Social Care Essay

Substance maltreatment is a multi-facetted job that plagues a whole society, irrespective of different age classs and societal categories. The effects and the sum of injury caused to the person, the household and society are diverse. Mauritius, while being a little island of about 1.2 million dwellers merely, far off from the taking powers of the planetary economic system, and niched at the bosom of the Indian Ocean has non been spared from this issue. Harmonizing to the National Drug Control Masterplan 2004-2009, the age of induction to substance maltreatment in Mauritius starts from every bit early as 11 old ages because of equal or media influence. The principle of substance maltreatment is nevertheless non this simple. Sometimes, some people give in to the natural homo behavior which is seeking to happen the easiest flight from rough worlds and nuisances of day-to-day life, and resort to substance maltreatment. Substance maltreatment may hold become an dismaying phenomenon of late, but drugs have been present in Mauritius for a far longer clip. The usage of drugs has been recorded to hold started with every bit early as during the Gallic colonization with illicit rum production by slaves. With the reaching of apprenticed laborers, Indians brought along with their civilization and traditions, hemps, while Chinese immigrants brought opium. These drugs were largely utilised in a socio-cultural circumstance, by grownups without being a cause for serious concern. Sixtiess brought with it the Hippie Culture to Mauritanian shores every bit good as new signifiers of drugs such as LSD, Mandrax and other psychedelic drugs which became synonymous to â€Å" new highs † to childs. The 1970ss caused an wholly different tendency of substance maltreatment, as the state of affairs changed drastically from its socio-cultural to a more significantly worrying usage. A fundamental signifier of diacetylmorphine known as â€Å" Brown Sugar † was introduced in Mauritius. Brown Sugar was smuggled through the airdrome, seaport and through postal packages. The â€Å" Amsterdam Affair † that broke out in 1985 was the ether of the range of the drugs job in Mauritius. As an effort to expose its willingness to go forth no rock unturned in the combat against drug trafficking, statute law was amended and decease punishment was introduced for proven sellers. No drug seller have nevertheless been executed because of the thorny legal issues environing capital penalty. A sudden downward tendency was observed in 1987 and continued until 1990 after which indexs revealed a little addition in illicit trafficking and ingestion. In 2003, the â€Å" White Lady † was a psychoactive drug opted by most drug users. Post 2005, Subutex, which is usually used as intervention on those dependent on narcotic hurting slayers, and opiates, shortly became the most sought-after drug in Mauritius. Substance Abuse and Repercussions Social Consequences Significant societal effects include the decomposition of the household unit, with the emotional and psychological wellbeing of household members being disquieted. Substance maltreatment and delinquency go manus in manus ; as sometimes dependence and backdown syndromes overcome ground and push nuts towards larceny, force and similar such Acts of the Apostless to secure the fiscal agencies to obtain their needed dose. The 2009 World Drug Report shows that figure of drug-related offenses has increased by 18 % from 2006 to 2007. Health Consequences Substance maltreatment affects the personal wellness of drugs nuts themselves. Withdrawal and apathy are a few of the psychological disfunctions they might confront. The impact of dependence can be far making. Cardiovascular disease, shot, malignant neoplastic disease, and lung disease can all be caused by drug maltreatment. Because of needle sharing behavior, a well-established norm among IDUs as has been shown by the IDUs Respondent Driven Sampling, which is explained by the increased costs and low fiscal agencies of IDUs every bit good as Police Services uninterrupted still hunt of IDUs in ownership of drug gears, blood borne diseases such as AIDS or Hepatitis are easy transmitted, reverberations of which is ruinous both for the IDU and society at big. IDUs who get affected by such blood borne diseases will frequently through a Domino consequence, affect their sexual spouses, while pregnant adult females who are IDUs run the hazard of polluting their unborn kids with such. Injecting drug usage is the cause for an increasing proportion of HIV infections in many parts of the universe, Mauritius included. It is estimated that between 11 and 21 million people worldwide inject drugs, and of those, between 0.8 and 6.6 million are infected with HIV. Fiscal Impacts Health services that have to be provided to drug nuts include intervention of diseases which may develop in drug nuts as a effect of substance maltreatment, every bit good as costs of rehabilitation services, which is frequently overlooked by most individuals. The cost of non-generic antiretroviral intervention per individual per annum may amount up to $ 1500, averaging to about Rs 50, 000 based on current exchange rates. Fiscal effects on the economic system are sedate, with the parallel running of a black economic system with net incomes obtained from the illicit traffic, every bit good as with the effects of drugs abuse of members of the work force which reduces productiveness. Conventional Approaches to Substance maltreatment Mauritius has ratified the United Nations Drug Control Conventions. It has besides ratified the 2000 Convention on Trans-National Organized Crime and is besides signer of both the African Union and the SADC Drug Control Protocol. Existing legal models that were used, and still are used to command drugs supply and demand decrease are: a ) The Dangerous Drug Act 2000 B ) The Pharmacy Act 1983 degree Celsius ) The Financial Intelligence and Anti Money Laundering Act 2002 Drugs Demand Reduction Drugs demand decrease is one of the attack used to battle the substance maltreatment crisis at its nucleus. Drug demand decrease refers to policies and programmes directed towards cut downing the consumer demand for narcotic drug and psychotropic substances as covered by the three chief International Drug Control Conventions, as mentioned above. The National Agency for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Substance Abusers ( NATReSA ) is a parastatal organic structure under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity and Reform Institutions which was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1996 and it is responsible for all demand decrease activities in the state. By carry oning a figure of bar activities in the community, schools and the workplace, NATReSA uses instruction as its chief vehicular arm to seek to decrease the demand for drugs. It provides support to a figure of NGOs engaged in bar, intervention and rehabilitation work. The National Prevention Unit set up by the NATReSa in 2002 has set up a Demand Reduction Integrated Program, from which more than 25 parts have already benefitted boulder clay day of the month. Supply Side Reduction As to provide side decrease, the jurisprudence enforcement side is actively involved and a figure of establishments runing under the auspices of different ministries are responsible for drug control activities. The Anti Drug Smuggling Unit ( ADSU ) , the National Coast Guard and the Special Mobile Force are particular units of the Mauritius Police Force, working under the bid of the Commissioner of Police involved in drug control. The Passport and Immigration Office besides operates under the supervising of the Commissioner of Police and has a function in the showing of riders at the haven and airdrome while Custom Investigation and Intelligence Unit plays a notable function in the checking of containers and other baggage come ining the state. The Pharmacy Section of the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life ( MOH & A ; QL ) is responsible for the issue of licences for the import of licit narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Finally, Mauritius Post Services work in close cooperation with the above units to exert near control to vouch that drugs do non come in the state through letters and postal bundles and the Forest Department aids through its field work in woods, mountains and province lands, and is instrumental in observing cannabis cultivation. Harmonizing to the 2010 World Drug Report, Mauritius is the state with the highest opiates ingestion prevalence in the African continent with an estimation of 1.9 % . This demonstrates clearly that conventional attacks to the Mauritanian drug job have non met outlooks in footings of efficiency in undertaking it. Alternatively, new factors borne due to a quickly altering society contributed to the rendering them inefficient – opening up of air spaces which while increasing benefits from the touristry and travel industry has besides increased the hazards of drugs being brought into the state by aliens, enlargement of the offshore sector through which big amounts of money theodolites through Mauritius, beginnings of which remain confidential to the offshore companies and the unfastened secret being that sometimes, portion of these monies go into the black economic system, financing drug minutess and poorness and harlotry which are cardinal conducive factors every bit good to the enlargement of the Mauritanian drug market among others. The escalation of drug usage became a cause for concern as the chief vehicle for substance maltreatment being through injection, this implied a heightened hazard of transmittal of blood borne diseases among the IDU population and hence a greater figure of HIV positive and hepatitis instances amongst others. An wholly new attack was therefore adopted to counter this contingency, known as the injury decrease attack. The injury decrease which consists of needle exchange plans every bit good as dolophine hydrochloride permutation therapy implied a wholly different position, the nucleus rule being acknowledging the being of a substance maltreatment issue in a community, which frequently is pig-headedly resisted by governments, therefore exposing the immense trouble in the execution of this method. Over the old ages, legion observations have been made by journalists and Non-Governmental Organisations ( NGOs ) representatives on the structural alterations of the drug state of affairs in Mauritius, the distressing dimensions of the issue of substance maltreatment and its dealingss with transmittal of blood borne diseases. Harm decrease nevertheless, being a comparatively new construct in Mauritius dating merely back to 2006, remains a instead undiscovered way. Hence, the intent of this thesis would be to convey focal point on Needle Exchange Programs ( NEPs ) as they are carried out in the Mauritanian context. While running through a general overview of the injury decrease attack, the principle behind it will be examined along with execution timeline of NEP in Mauritius. Policy facets will be reviewed and an analysis of the legal background of NEPs in Mauritius will be presented, which will dwell of a survey salient characteristics of the bing Torahs and NEPs and finally the NEP particular model which is the HIV/AIDS Act 06. NEP in prisons, being a delicate and problematic issue, will be considered and the chance of such in Mauritanian prisons discussed. The thesis will be concluded by measuring the Mauritanian NEP, and suggesting recommendations of possible ways to pitch more towards efficiency and best pattern with respects to Mauritian Torahs and needle exchange. Preliminary Chapter: Understanding Harm Decrease The Basic Concept Harm decrease refers to policies, programmes and patterns utilized and applied with the aim of decreasing hazards associated with the usage of drugs by substance maltreaters. Subdivided into needle exchange plans and dolophine hydrochloride permutation therapies, injury decrease is viewed as a far-reaching advanced attack to the job of substance maltreatment and its related hazards. The outstanding characteristic of this fresh method is the extremist displacement in focal point to the bar of injury caused by substance maltreatment, instead than on the bar of drug usage itself. This entails recognizing the being of a substance maltreatment job in society which in bend indicates the inability or sometimes even failure of concerned governments in undertaking the drug job. This attack was frequently discussed in Mauritius after acknowledgment of the menace of HIV every bit good as other blood borne diseases which were distributing through shooting drug usage. Stakeholders including the National AIDS Secretariat agreed that injury decrease does non sabotage but alternatively complements attacks seeking to forestall or diminish drug ingestion. It is based on the acknowledgment that many people throughout the universe continue to utilize drugs despite the best of attempts to forestall drug usage and is of a non-judgmental and non-punitive attitude towards the ingestion of intoxicant and drugs. The Implementation of Harm Reduction In Mauritius Harm decrease is implemented in Mauritius through the vehicular plans of Methadone Substitution Therapy ( MST ) and Needle Exchange Programs ( NEPs ) . MST normally works by cut downing cravings and barricading ‘highs ‘ from diacetylmorphine. It does non supply the same euphoric haste the drug user under MST will no longer see utmost highs and depressions that consequences from the degree of diacetylmorphine in the blood. MST around Mauritius is controlled and supervised by the National Detoxification Centre For MST found at Cite Barkly in Beau Bassin. MST plans carried out may be either residential lasting for 15 yearss merely or day-care. Drug users are induced on dolophine hydrochloride under medical supervising and doses are accordingly adjusted. There are 16 methadone distributing points around the island from which drug users, after holding gone through initial initiation receive their day-to-day doses of dolophine hydrochloride. Needle exchange plans forms portion of the injury decrease scheme and is funded by the State and partly by international administrations such as the Global Fund. Mauritius has pioneered government-run needle exchange plans throughout the African Continent as both NGOs and the Mauritanian Government through MOH & A ; QL both carry out NEPs. The plan offers a comprehensive bundle of services which include exchange of used acerate leafs, HIV guidance and testing, proviso of rubbers and intoxicant swabs and referrals for rehabilitation services ( where requested ) every bit good as other HIV-related services. Rationale Behind Harm Reduction Harm Reduction and Human Rights The injury decrease attack to drugs is based on a strong pledge to public wellness and human rights. Harm decrease intercessions have found support among legion United Nations ( UN ) homo rights mechanisms, specifically in context of HIV bar and the right to achieve the highest accomplishable criterion of wellness. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESCR ) And Harm Reduction. The Committee on the Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights ( CESCR ) has recommended many times that States Parties scale up their injury decrease programmes in order to run into their duties under Article 12 of the ICESCR. In its Concluding Observations on Ukraine ( 2007 ) , the Committee stated that it was ‘gravely concerned at ‘the limited entree by drug users to substitution therapy, ‘ and recommended that the province party ‘make drug permutation therapy and other HIV bar services more accessible for drug users ‘ . Article 15 of the ICESCR provides for everyone to ‘benefit from scientific realizations and its applications. ‘ Considered against the background of injection driven HIV, this implies the right for any individual to profit from plans backed by solid grounds, therefore harm decrease plans, demoing that they can most expeditiously contain and treat HIV/AIDS and such drug related likely diseases. In 2009, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a declaration on human rights and HIV/AIDS that unambiguously provided support to harm decrease plans, including needle exchange. Research Based Rationale Despite the continued attempts of concerned governments, some of which being holding rather a considerable bearing on the state ‘s budget every bit good, substance maltreatment still remains one major cause for concern in Mauritius, it holding the 2nd highest per capita rate of opiate usage in the universe after Iran. Manners of transmittal of HIV and blood borne infections steadily shifted from heterosexual activities to shooting drug usage as from the twelvemonth 2002 to 2005, with an exponential rise in the figure of detected instances to make a extremum of 921 instances in 2005. 92 % of all new HIV infections in Mauritius by 2005 were shooting drug users. While this alteration was most probably a consequence of increased HIV proving among IDUs in assorted establishments including the prisons, and did non needfully stand for a brusk addition of new HIV infections, the figures were sufficient to measure up the epidemic as a concentrated one and were a clear warning of a latent job among the IDUs population. A speedy and efficient action in response to the quickly intensifying increasing transmittal of HIV was therefore required, accordingly climaxing into kicking off of injury decrease activities in 2006. The consequences obtained from the recent Injecting Drug User HIV Surveillance Survey, in Mauritius is no beginning of comfort: – among the HIV positive detected instances as at December 2009, 73 % consisted of members of the IDU population. HIV prevalence is 47.4 % and Hepatitis C ( HVC ) prevalence is 97.3 % . The usage of non-sterile acerate leafs and shooting drug equipment which is an highly efficient manner of HIV and blood borne diseases transmittal remains a cardinal factor declining the HIV epidemic among IDUs around the Earth and in Mauritius, while 61.2 % of IDUs reported shooting two to three times a twenty-four hours, 29.3 % among them reported shooting with a antecedently used acerate leaf in the past month. Prior to the induction of syringe exchange plans in 2006, needle and syringe sharing in the old three months was reported by 80 % of IDUs. However, in the last three months of the twelvemonth 2009, 30 % merely of IDUs reported sharing a needle or syringe at last injection and less than half reported occasional sharing of injection equipment or pulling up drug solution from a common container shared by many, research-based groundss stressing wholly along on the demand for continuance of harm decrease activities in Mauritius.

Notre Dame Organum essays

Notre Dame Organum essays Notre Dame began having mass in 1163. At this time, this cathedral was arguably the most famous church in all of Europe, because of its architectural beauty. It was also a school for composers who later became remembered as the great contributors of that century. The musicians at the Notre Dame School were the first to solve the problem of notation with more than two voices by fixing a definite rhythm. Before this early polyphonic singers improvised. The music of Leonin (c.1159-c. 1201) and Perotin (c.1170-c. 1236) and their French contemporaries were very influential composers; their style of Mass was widely excepted and reproduced. Organum is defined as medieval polyphony based upon a cantus firmus. A cantus firmus is the preexistent melody used as the basis in polyphonic composition, which may be secular (folk style) or sacred (of the church). It was composed not-against-note and used florid Organum. From this polyphonic, multiple voice, music progressed to what was known as Notre Dame Organum. It is named Notre Dame Organum because it originated at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Paris was the center for polyphonic music (Organum) during the twelfth to thirteenth century. Many people believe that the Organum composed at the French Cathedral in Notre Dame was some of the most important advances in the history of music eve. This was the first time there was two or more independent lines of music at the same time. Obviously, this was very exciting. Leonin (Leoninus) was born in Paris in 1135 and died approximately 1201. He wasthe first known significant composer of polyphony. He received his training at the Notre Dame Cathedral schools and later became a priest at Notre Dame. He began the Magnus Liber Organi, or The Great Book of Organum. This book contained Graduals and Alleluias that he had altered. One of Leonins major contributions to music was a collection of Organum with two-part settings of portions of the ...

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